Oil burner



Jan. 19 1926. 1,569,967

w. G. DANIELSEN OIL BURNER Filed March 1e, 1925 2 sheets-sheet 2In/vento@ g4 O if flor muy;

Patented Jan. 19, 1926.

UNITED STATES PATENT OFFICE.

mm G. D, 0l' INDEPENDENCE, IIBBOUBI.

011| BURNER.

Application med laren 16, 1985. Serial Io. 15,944.

To all whom it may concern: e

Be it known that I, WILHELM G. DAN- IELsEN, a citizen of the UnitedStates, residing at Independence, in the county of Jackson and State ofMissouri, have invented a new and useful Oil Burner, of

which the following is a specification.

vThis invention relates to oil burners of that type designed primarilyfor use in the furnaces and stoves of domestic heating systems and alsoin cook stoves, although it is to be understood that the burner will befound equally useful in manufacturing and power plants. A

Heretofore oil burners of this nature have generall been objectionablefor several reasons. any of them have produced an undesirable noisewhile in operation. Thorough mixing of air and oil has not beensatisfacposits.

torily attained and in many instances heavy fuel .such as crude oil cannot be used without the employment of mechanically operated stirringmechanism. The cost of operation has usually been in excess of that ofcoal burning stoves and furnaces and, because of incomplete combustion,the burners quickly Abecome clo ged by carbon de- It has been di cult tocontrol the size of the flame so as to reduce the heating action of theburner. Furthermore the several have een exposed to the intense heat ofthe burning fuel and have not been able to stand .u thereunder for anyconsiderable length of) time.

It is an object of the present invention to provide a burner which willovercome all of the objections hereinbefore enumerated by utilizing ameans whereby air, under pressure, is ejected in a swirling body fromthe burner. and about the fuel delivered from the burner, this Cyclonicaction serving not only to maintain the walls of the burner relativelycool and clean, but also effecting a thorough mixture of oil andair-which willpresult in practically complete combustion and theproduction of a swirling flame of large proportions which lwill sweepthe inner surface of the fire box in which it is located.

Another object is to provide oil spreading means for delivering 011 intothe air vortex,A

means being utilized for deflecting the air so that it will sweep overthe marginal portion of the spreading means and pick up fuel therefromand thoroughly mix with the fuel.

arts of the burners4 generally used `A still further object is toprovide a burner the parts of whlch -can be readily taken apartwhendesired and which does not require the use of any special mechanicalagitating or mixi means.

A further object is to provide a burner which is so efficient in actionas to reduce the cost of operation below or, 'at most, equal to that ofa coal burning apparatus.

Another object is to provide/a spreading plate or distributor soconstructed as to maintain the fuel thereon within selected bounds sothat the size of the resultant llame can be corresondingly regulated.

A still furt er object is to rovide a burner which can be installed eas'y and to which air can be supplied either from a blower or from apressure tank or the like.

With the foregoing and other objects in view which -will appear as, thedescription proceeds, the invention resides in the comination andarrangement of parts and in the details of constructionv hereinafterdescribed and claimed, it being understood that changes in the preciseembodiment of the invention herein disclosed may be made within thescope of what is claimed without departing from the spirit of theinvention.

In the accompanying drawings the preferred form of the invention hasbeen shown.

In said drawings Figure 1 is a erspective view of the burner, a portiont ereof .being broken awa and the action of the currents being indicatedby arrows.

Figure 2 is a vertical transverse section through the burner.

Figure 3 is a plan view of the burner, the deflecting ring beingremoved.

Figure 4 is a section through a ortion of the burner, said sectionbeing. t en on the line 4-4, Fi re 2.

Referring to t e figures by characters 0f reference .1 desi ates thelbase of the burner, the same ing formed with kan upstanding wall 2. Thisbase is substantially circular except f for an inlet extension 3extending from the wall 2, one wall of this extension being disclosedtangent to the wall 2 as shown'at 4 in Figure 4. The other side wall ofthe extension 3 has been indicated at 5 and converges inwardly towardthe wall 4 up to the wall 2 so as to define, with wall 4, a throat whichcontracts inwardly as shown particularly in Figures 1 and 4.Inwardlyextending flanges 6 canbe provided at the outer ends of thewalls 4 and 5 so as to constitute abutments for a closure plate 7 inwhich is provided an opening 8. pipe 9 for supplying alr under pressureto the burner is adapted to be seated 1n this opening and, obviously,air delivered therefrom under pressure will be pro]ected into the base 1along lines parallel with the wall 4 and thence against the curved wall2. This, obviously, will result in setting up a swirling action of theair within the base. At this time it might be stated that, should it bcdesired to connect the burner to an air blower, the closure plate can beremoved and the outlet flue of a fan casing can be attached to the openend of the extension 3.

The bottom of the base 1 is preferably convex as shown at 10 in Figure 2and, if desired, ears 11 may be extended radially from the base forengagement by longitudinally adjustable supports 12. By providing theconvex bottom 10 the air is deflected more or less away from the centerof the base toward the wall thereof although this is in fact notessential because the centrifugal force developed will be ample to causethe air to hug the wall 2 as it swirls withm the base. The primaryadvantage in having a convex bottom 10 is that any surplus or unconsumedoil which may, through some defect or lack of care, overflow within theburner, will drain into an outlet pipe 13 connected to the bottom closeto the wall 2. This outlet pipe may be provided with any suitable meansnot shown, whereby, when the overiiow reaches predetermined proportions,the suppl of oil to the burner will be cut ofi". This operation isusually effected by the use of a cut oif valve operated by a cup intowhich the overiiow is directed. Such a device is well known in the artto which this invention relates and constitutes no part of thisinvention.

Upstandng from and preferably cast integral with the bottom 10 is acentral tubular core 14 extending preferably to the same height as thewall 2 and formed in the upper edge of this core is a rabbet 15corresponding with another rabbet 16 formed in the upper edge of thewall 2. The rabbet 15 is designed to receive the reduced lower end of atubular support 17 extending downwardly from a spreading disk 18. Thisdisk is concentric with the support 17 and is provided, at its center,with a convex or raised portion 19 throu" h which extends an opening 20.Concentric grooves 21 are formed in the upper face of the disk and saiddisk also has an upstanding marginal rib 22. An oil supply pipe 23extends upwardly throughthe center of the bottom 10 and has a threadedupper end engaging the wall of the opening 20. This pipe serves to holdthe parts 14 and 17 properly assembled and also acts as a means fordirecting fuel onto the convex portion 19 of the disk 18. Pipe 23 isconnected to a suitable supply tank or the like not shown and which canbe located at an suitable point relative to the burner. It is preferablyso positioned that fuel will gravitate therefrom to the outlet end ofthe pipe and onto the disk 18, it being understood, of course, that avalve may be em loyed for regulating this flow.

'lhe rabget 16 is adapted to receive the reduced lower edge of a basering 24 provided with an extension late 25 at its lower edge adapted tofit within rooves in the upper edges of the walls 4 an 5, thereby toconstitute the top of the extension 3. This plate 25, can, if desired,be reinforced by webs 26 formed .integral therewith and with the ring24.

A rabbet 27 s formed in the circular upper edge of ring 24 and isdesigned to receive the lower edge of a deflecting ring 28. This ring iscurved upwardly and inwardly so as to overhang the marginal portion ofdisk 18 and the upper portion of the ring is preferably cylindrical andextended upwardly a short distance to provide a burner outlet asindicated at 29.

When fuel is admitted to the burner it will overflow ont-o the convexportion 19 and thence into the inner groove 21. From this groove it willspread to the next groove and finally to the rib 22. The oil is ignitedby any suitable means and air, under pressure is directed into the base1 as heretofore explained. This air will swirl within the base and itsrin 24 and will raduall rise within the air c amber forme in sai baseand ring. As the swirling body of air ascends it will be deflectedinwardly by ring 28 and the film of air assing under this ring androtating at a high speed will suck up that portion of the fuel nearestthe periphery of the disk 18 so that it will pass out of the burner withthe air. As the swirling body com osed of air and oil leaves thecylindrical out et 29 it will expand outwardly away from the burner andsweep the walls of the lire box in which the burner is located. Thisswirling mixture will of course be ignited and result in a lar e body ofmoving flame which, because'of t e thorough mixing of the air and oil,will roduce practically perfect combustion. he fuel continues to bedelivered into the vortex of air and oil and, as has been illustrated inFigure 1, the swirling gases issuing from the burner will be made u ofan outer annular film of air surrounding a ra idly rotating ringcomprising a mixture o? air and oil and lwhich ring, in turn, surroundsa central space into which the oil is delivered and spreads radially.The film of air tends to hug the walls of the burner from the inlet tothe outlet thereof and thus keeps the fuel (oil) out of' contact withsaid walls. Conlll sequently the walls are kept clean through- Out theoperation of the burner and al1 danger of clogging is eliminated. As theswirllng air rises wlthin the air chamberits temperature increases sothat by the. time it comes into contact with the oil, on the spreadingdisk, it is so hot as to insure rapid vaporization of the oil andthorough mixing therewith.

Should it be desired to maintain a very small flame at the burner, thesupply of fuel can be cut down so that it will/not flow beyond theinnermost groove 21, the action of the air being such as to pick up theoil when it reaches that point. A larger flame can be produced byincreasing the oil supply to enable it to reach the second groove 21before being stopped and carried off by the swirling air current. Whenthe burner is operating at full capacity the oil is supplied insufficient quantity to enable it to reach the rib 22 before being sto edand carried off by the air current. (gbviously the larger theamount ofoil supplied 'to the air the larger and more efiicient will be the fiameproduced by the burner.

What is claimed is:

1. An oil burner including a stationary disk for receiving and spreadinga film of oil, fixed means for deflecting an air current to set up anair vortex below and upwardly past the disk, and means for deiiectingthe vortex over the disk and the film of oil thereon.

2. An oil burner including an oil spreading disk having concentric oilretaining means and a central supply opening, means for settin up an airvortex about and beyond the isk, and means for deflecti the vortex overthe marginal portion of the disk.

3. An oil burner including an air chamber, means for directing air underpressure thereinto to set up an air vortex, a s reading disk su portedin vsaid chamber or receiving an spreading oil, and means overhangingthe air chamber and the disk for deflectin the vortex over the marginalportion of t e disk.

4. An oil burner including an air chamber, means for admitting air underpressure to said chamber at a tan ent to set up an air vortex, aspreading isk supported in the upper portion of said chamber and havinga central supply opening and concentric oil retaining means, and a ringconcentric with the disk for deflecting the vortex over the marginalportion of the disk, said ring having an outlet above the disk for theescape of the deflected vortex.

5. An oil burner including a base having an air chamber, means fordirecting air underpressure tangentially into said chamber, a centralcore within said chamber, a spreading disk sup orted by the core in theupper portion of t e air chamber and having a central supply yopeningand concentric oil retaining means, a deflecting ring su ported by thebase and overhanging t 1e marginal portion of the disk, said ring havinga central outlet above the disk.

In testimon that I claim the foregoing as my own, I ave hereto aixed mysignature.

WILHELM G. DANIELSEN.

